Walden – NURS 6521 – Women’s and Men’s Health, Infectious Disease, and Hematologic Disorders

What’s Coming Up in Module 7?

In the next module, you will examine types of drugs prescribed to address women’s and men’s health, infections, and disorders of the hematologic system.

Next Week

To go to the next week:

Module 7: Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections, and Hematologic Systems

What’s Happening In This Module?

Module 7: Women’s and Men’s Health, Infections, and Hematologic Systems is a 2-week module, Weeks 9 and 10 of the course. In this module, you will examine women’s and men’s health, infectious diseases, and hematologic disorders as well as the types of drugs used to treat aspects of these disorders or health systems.

Go to the Week’s Content

Week 9: Women’s and Men’s Health/Infections and Hematologic Systems, Part I

As an advanced practice nurse, you will likely encounter many disorders associated with women’s and men’s health, such as hormone deficiencies, cancers, and other functional and structural abnormalities. Disorders such as these not only result in physiological consequences but also psychological consequences, such as embarrassment, guilt, or profound disappointment for patients. For these reasons, the provider-patient relationship must be carefully managed. During evaluations, patients must feel comfortable answering questions so that you, as a key health-care provider, will be able to diagnose and recommend appropriate treatment options. Advanced practice nurses must be able to educate patients on these disorders and help relieve associated stigmas and concerns.

This week, you examine women’s and men’s health concerns as well as the types of drugs used to treat disorders that affect women’s and men’s health. You also explore how to treat aspects of these disorders on other health systems.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

• Evaluate patients for treatment of complex health issues
• Evaluate patients for treatment of infections
• Evaluate patients for treatment of hematologic disorders
• Analyze patient education strategies for the management and treatment of complex comorbidities

Learning Resources

Required Readings

Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2021). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice nurses and physician assistants (2^nd ed.) St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.

• Chapter 46, “Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Drugs” (pp. 364–371)
• Chapter 47, “Drugs for Deficiency Anemias” (pp. 389–396)
• Chapter 50, “Estrogens and Progestins: Basic Pharmacology and Noncontraceptive Applications” (pp. 425–436)
• Chapter 51, “Birth Control” (pp. 437–446)
• Chapter 52, “Androgens” (pp. 447–453)
• Chapter 53, “Male Sexual Dysfunction and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia” (pp. 454–466)
• Chapter 70, “Basic Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy” (pp. 651–661)
• Chapter 71, “Drugs That Weaken the Bacterial Cell Wall I: Penicillins” (pp. 662–668)
• Chapter 75, “Sulfonamides Antibiotics and Trimethoprim” (pp. 688–694)
• Chapter 76, “Drug Therapy of Urinary Tract Infections” (pp. 695–699)
• Chapter 78, “Miscellaneous Antibacterial Drugs” (pp. 711–714)
• Chapter 79, “Antifungal Agents” (pp. 715–722)
• Chapter 80, “Antiviral Agents I: Drugs for Non-HIV Viral Infections” (pp. 723–743)
• Chapter 82, “Drug Therapy of Sexually Transmitted Diseases” (pp. 763–770)

Lunenfeld, B., Mskhalaya, G., Zitzmann, M., Arver, S., Kalinchenko, S., Tishova, Y., & Morgentaler, A. (2015). Recommendations on the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of hypogonadism in men. Aging Male, 18(1), 5–15. doi:10.3109/13685538.2015.1004049

This article presents recommendations on the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of hypogonadism in men. Reflect on the concepts presented and consider how this might impact your role as an advanced practice nurse in treating men’s health disorders.

Montaner, J. S. G., Lima, V. D., Harrigan, P. R., Lourenço, L., Yip, B., Nosyk, B., … Kendall, P. (2014). Expansion of HAART coverage is associated with sustained decreases in HIV/AIDS morbidity, mortality and HIV transmission: The “HIV Treatment as Prevention” experience in a Canadian setting. PLoS ONE, 9(2), e87872. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0087872

This study examines HAART therapy and its sustainability and profound population-level decrease in morbidity, mortality, and HIV transmission.

Roberts, H., & Hickey, M. (2016). Managing the menopause: An update. Maturitas, 86(2016), 53–58. .https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.01.007

This article provides an update on treatments on Vasomotor symptoms (VMS), genito-urinary syndrome of menopause (GSM), sleep disturbance, sexual dysfunction, and mood disturbance that are common during the menopause transition.

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (2014). Guide to clinical preventive services, 2014: Section 2. Recommendations for adults. Retrieved from http://www.ahrq.gov/professionals/clinicians-providers/guidelines-recommendations/guide/section2.html

This website lists various preventive services available for men and women and provides information about available screenings, tests, preventive medication, and counseling.

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2019h). Pathopharmacology: Pharmacology and immunological disorders: Improvements in medications and drug administration [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.
Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 8 minutes.
Nurse Manager, Bette Nunn discusses how technology has improved the practice of administering drugs and created new and improved drug therapies. The importance of using technology as well as a patient’s knowledge of their own drug history is also discussed.

Discussion: Women’s and Men’s Health, Infectious Disease, and Hematologic Disorders

As an advanced practice nurse, you will likely experience patient encounters with complex comorbidities. For example, consider a female patient who is pregnant who also presents with hypertension, diabetes, and has a recent tuberculosis infection. How might the underlying pathophysiology of these conditions affect the pharmacotherapeutics you might recommend to help address your patient’s health needs? What education strategies might you recommend for ensuring positive patient health outcomes?

For this Discussion, you will be assigned a patient case study and will consider how to address the patient’s current drug therapy plans. You will then suggest recommendations on how to revise these drug therapy plans to ensure effective, safe, and quality patient care for positive patient health outcomes.

To Prepare

• Review the Resources for this module and reflect on the different health needs and body systems presented.
• Your Instructor will assign you a complex case study to focus on for this Discussion.
• Consider how you will practice critical decision making for prescribing appropriate drugs and treatment to address the complex patient health needs in the patient case study you selected.

By Day 3 of Week 9

Post a brief description of your patient’s health needs from the patient case study you assigned. Be specific. Then, explain the type of treatment regimen you would recommend for treating your patient, including the choice or pharmacotherapeutics you would recommend and explain why. Be sure to justify your response. Explain a patient education strategy you might recommend for assisting your patient with the management of their health needs. Be specific and provide examples.

You will respond to your colleagues’ posts in Week 10.

Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the “Post to Discussion Question” link, and then select “Create Thread” to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click on Submit, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and you cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking on Submit!

            Sample Paper Week 9 Discussion

Walden NURS 6521 – Women’s and Men’s Health, Infectious Disease, and Hematologic Disorders

Woman’s and Men’s Health, Infectious Disease, and Hematologic Disorders

Student’s Name:

Institutional Affiliation:

Woman’s and Men’s Health, Infectious Disease and Hematologic Disorders

Health is important for both men and women. It is a state of comprehensive physical, social, and mental well-being and not just the absence of illness or infirmity. Men and women are different. The fundamental observation spreads to their weakness and response to diverse infectious illnesses reasons for the observation being different, counting pathogens, and exposure to the common genetic aspects that control immune responses contrary to the pathogens. Also, hormonal factors that can alter vulnerability or illness progression and reaction to treatment are included.  Men and women are prone to hematologic illnesses involving blood and include complications with the red blood cells, platelets, white blood cells, bone marrow, spleen, and lymph nodes. This paper will explore the Woman’s and Man’s health, infectious disease and hematologic disorders concerning the patient presented in the case study.

Patients health needs from a case study

The patient presents with complaints of night sweats, hot flushing, and genitourinary symptoms that require immediate attention. She is 46 years old with a history of hypertension, and upon Blood Pressure (BP) check, it is at 150/90, an elevated blood pressure. The patient’s LMP is a month back and had ASCUS in pap in the last five years, which causes no problem in the late period. It can be concluded that her present symptoms indicate that she is in the perimenopausal period. When the women’s menopausal period begins, it causes a hot flush, depression, night flush, high BP, and changes in the genitourinary (Sturdee et al. 2017). She, therefore, requires to manage her symptoms to prevent more problems.

Treatment Regimen

To treat the patient, I would recommend hormone therapy, Estrogen-progestin therapy. On its own, estrogen improves menopause symptoms but, in another context, raises the risk of uterus cancer (endometrial cancer). Adding a progestin to estrogen will lower endometrial cancer’s danger to normal (Prior et al., 2017). I would also commend vaginal estrogen to avoid genitourinary complications. Vaginal estrogen, meant to deliver estrogen right to the local tissue, remains active in minimizing genitourinary symptoms like vaginal burning and dryness, painful sexual intercourse, urinary urgency and frequency, painful urination, and recurrent UTIs. Reducing the systemic estrogen exposure, even the lowest-dose vaginal ring, successfully can minimize frequency and urinary in postmenopausal females. Besides, I would commend the patient to take a low dose of antidepressants such as SSRIs to decrease symptoms and calm the mood disorder, take gabapentin to reduce night sweats and hot flush she is experiencing, clonidine to treat high blood pressure, and calcium and vitamin D supplements to strengthen her bones (Yoon et al., 2020).

Patient Education

The patient needs to manage her health needs and to help her; I would advise increasing fluid intake. Fluid intake will help flush any irritations through the bladder and out of a individuals’ body. I would also recommend the patient enhance the aerobic activity, stretching activity, and weight-bearing since these exercises reduce the risk of many hematologic disorders. It would also be good to take calcium diets. Calcium is an important mineral for the human body. It helps maintain and form healthy bones preventing disorders such as Osteoporosis (Cano et al., 2018). The patient will be required to increase the fiber intake rate, eat five portions of food, limit salt intake, and avoid tea, alcohol, coffee, and smoking that cause hot flushes. She should also avoid saturated fats and high-calorie diets taking omega 3fatty acids for a healthy heart, and have consistent screening to prevent cervical and breast cancer.

Conclusion

Health is important for both men and women. It is a state of comprehensive physical, social, and mental well-being and not just the absence of illness or infirmity. Men and women are different, and the fundamental observation spreads to their weakness and response to diverse infectious illnesses following diverse reasons. Men and women as well are prone to hematologic illnesses. As revealed in the case study, the patient’s complaints of night sweats, hot flushing, and genitourinary symptoms indicate that she is in the perimenopausal period and requires immediate attention in terms of treatments. Some of the treatments that can be recommended following her condition include hormone therapy, Estrogen-progestin therapy, vaginal estrogen, and a low dose of antidepressants such as SSRIs to decrease symptoms and calm mood disorder. Patient education would also be important, such as fluid intake, aerobic activity, and taking calcium diets to manage her needs fully.

References

Cano, A., Chedraui, P., Goulis, D. G., Lopes, P., Mishra, G., Mueck, A., … & Tuomikoski, P. (2018). Calcium in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis: EMAS clinical guide. Maturitas, 107, 7-12.

Prior, J. C., Seifert-Klauss, V. R., Giustini, D., Adachi, J. D., Kalyan, S., & Goshtasebi, A. (2017). Estrogen-progestin therapy causes a greater increase in spinal bone mineral density than estrogen therapy-a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials with direct randomization. Journal of musculoskeletal & neuronal interactions, 17(3), 146.

Sturdee, D. W., Hunter, M. S., Maki, P. M., Gupta, P., Sassarini, J., Stevenson, J. C., & Lumsden, M. A. (2017). The menopausal hot flush: a review. Climacteric, 20(4), 296-305. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13697137.2017.1306507

Yoon, S. H., Lee, J. Y., Lee, C., Lee, H., & Kim, S. N. (2020). Gabapentin for the treatment of hot flushes in menopause: a meta-analysis. Menopause, 27(4), 485-493. Retrieved from https://journals.lww.com/menopausejournal/Abstract/2020/04000/Gabapentin_for_the_treatment_of_hot_flushes_in.17.aspx

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