Explain what happens physiologically with chronic renal failure and the GFR. Support with evidence. Include important labs that are monitored in the process

Renal Case Study A 51 year old Caucasian-American female present to the emergency department with a headache of 8 of 10 on a pain scale. She reported the headache as a pulsation in her ear that is typical when her blood pressure rises. She also reported accompanying visual blurring, intermittent chest pressure, non-exertional shortness of breath, and episodic abdominal pain with nausea. She reports not taking her Labetalol. PMH: Type I DM since age 8 with history of impaired renal function that has continued to progress to a chronic stage and hypertension. Family history: Positive for DM, hypertension, CAD and Cancer. SH: Quit tobacco 5 years ago Meds: Labetalol, Lasix 20mg qd prn, Lantus 20 units at hs, Protonix 40mg qd, ASA 81mg qd, and Tylenol prn ROS: Constitutional: Denies fever or chills Eyes: Reports blurred vision, no floaters ENT: Denies sinus pressure or congestion, denies sore throat Respiratory: Denies cough, non-exertional dyspnea reported Cardiovascular: Admits intermittent chest pressure, denies palpitations Physical Exam: General: Alert and oriented in no acute distress Vitals: T 36.7C, BP 193/98, HR-88, Weight 87.5kg Eyes: PERRLA, EOMI, moist mucus membranes Neck: supple, No JVD Lungs: CTA A&P Heart: RRR without MGR Abdomen: soft, non-distended, nromoactive bowel sounds LE: edema to mid-thigh Skin/Integument: no cyanosis or clubbing The patient was admitted for hemodialysis due to her progression of renal functioning but also admitted to control the hypertensive urgency and headache. Question answers should be based on evidence found in readings and from peer-reviewed literature. At least two sources must be used and cited in APA format for each question. Only one source can be a textbook. Resources should generally be within 5 years unless you are explaining the pathophysiology of a disease or providing pertinent background information Discussion Questions: 1. Explain what happens physiologically with chronic renal failure and the GFR. Support with evidence. Include important labs that are monitored in the process. 2. Explain the role of Angiotensin II and proteinuria as they relate to advancing renal disease. 3. List at least three other body systems that are impacted by chronic kidney disease and why. Read: Week 8: Concepts of Neurological and Musculoskeletal Disorders 2-(Advanced Pathophysiology) 

ANSWER. PAPER DETAILS
Academic Level	Masters
Subject Area	Nursing
Paper Type	Discussion Post
Number of Pages	1 Page(s)/275 words
Sources	4
Format	APA 6
Spacing	Double Spacing

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