You examined how an epidemiological work provides a comprehensive understanding of transmission and clinical consequences of a disease and ways to screen the general population for the disease

Dear writer id# 5251, Week 2 project. This Paper is due on 7/23/19. Research Paper question This week, you will continue to work on your research paper.  Each week, a 3 to 5-page paper covering specific issues to consider for your epidemiological topic is due. Use outside resources to begin formulating a 3- to 5-page synopsis of your research in a Microsoft Word document. In this synopsis, incorporate the following:

• An introductory background:
  • An overview of the research paper topic
  • A historical background of the selected topic
• A description of the event (the disease, disability, or chronic condition) covered in your research
• A description of the disease, disability, or chronic condition
• A description of the population at risk or affected by the disease, disability, or chronic condition. Submission

Last week discussed different works in the field of epidemiology. You examined how an epidemiological work provides a comprehensive understanding of transmission and clinical consequences of a disease and ways to screen the general population for the disease. You also measured disease frequency, incidence, and prevalence. This week will focus on identifying the sources of public health data. You will review designs of commonly used epidemiologic studies and learn about descriptive epidemiology. You will learn how the epidemiological study reports help in keeping public health professionals informed about epidemics. You will also explore the steps to be followed for conducting experimental and observational studies. Let's learn about different sources of epidemiological data used in the field of public health. Your Learning Objectives for the Week:

• Identify key sources of data for epidemiologic purposes.
• Apply basic terminology and definitions of epidemiology.
• Describe a public health problem in terms of magnitude, person, time, and place

Resources Sources of Epidemiological Data You probably can deduce whether your friends or family members are healthy, but determining the overall health of a nation can be far more difficult. To determine the overall health status of a nation, you have to look at regional or national data. Where Do We Find Such Data? Public health officials tend to rely on data collected by certain governmental and nongovernmental agencies to compare the health and disease burdens of different counties, states, and countries. Health agencies use many reliable sources of information on the health of the US population. As you may already know, data is routinely collected on births, deaths, acute illnesses, injuries, chronic conditions, infectious diseases, birth defects, and pregnancy outcomes. By analyzing this data, researchers can:

• Get some idea of the risk of disease, death, and disability.
• Estimate the need for health services, health care delivery systems, and health care providers.

International Source of Data There are many sources of international data and ways to compare the health of nations. The World Health Organization (WHO) is considered the authority on the health of all people and has reported international morbidity and mortality data since 1951. It has also collected data on cancer incidence and mortality from many countries. For example, Cancer Incidence in Five Continents is a publication used by WHO for collecting data about cancer incidence. Usually, the definitions used to collect public health data are consistent across nations, allowing for accurate comparisons. However, it is best to always familiarize yourself with the definitions being used when you try to draw conclusions from the data. Let's look at an example of how differing definitions can be used. Descriptive Epidemiology Epidemiology deals especially with disease-related questions such as:

• Who is getting the disease?
• Where is the disease occurring?
• How is the disease changing over time?

Answering these questions in detail allows researchers to make hypotheses about the causes of a disease and develop strategies to reduce those at risk to the disease. In descriptive epidemiology, researchers analyze disease patterns based on person, place, and time. Let's discuss each of these three descriptors in detail. By concurrently studying the person, place, and time of a disease or condition, epidemiologists can identify commonalities and propose the cause and effect of the disease or condition. An epidemic is the occurrence in a community or a region of cases of an illness, a specific health-related behavior, or other health-related event clearly in excess of normal expectancy. An epidemic can be infectious, such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or food poisoning, or noninfectious, such as obesity. Public health officials use descriptive data to:

• Follow trends in illness, behaviors, and disease
• Identify epidemics
• Assist in the allocation of resources to places or groups of people that need them the most

Let's now learn about the steps to be followed for experimental and observational studies in the field of public health to understand the distribution and determinants of disease frequency. Experimental and Observational Studies The following are the steps to be followed for experimental and observational studies that help us understand the distribution and determinants of disease frequency:

1. Ask the question of interest. While doing research for experimental and observational studies, the first step is to ask the question of interest.
2. Design the study. It is important to remember that each study type is designed to obtain information in a different way, and you must choose the type of study that will allow you to answer your research question in the most effective way possible.
3. Select the study population. Selecting the study population sounds easy, but it's really quite complicated. Strict eligibility and exclusion criteria are determined early on to ensure the most appropriate population is studied.
4. Recruit or enroll the study population. Once the study participants are identified, they must be recruited and told about the risks, benefits, and compensation, if any, for participation. This process is called obtaining informed consent.
5. Randomize participants. Once enrolled, randomize participants into treatment groups and follow them for outcomes of interest.
6. Collect data and conduct analysis. After the data has been collected, the analysis is completed usually with sophisticated statistical software.

The Wikipedia is not helpful, not always accurate and NOT to be used. Many other sites online contain information that is not refereed, meaning no third party has verified that information to be accurate or correct. It is posted without validation. Please DO NOT use or reference the Wikipedia, Ask.com, howstuffworks, ehow or any similar sites. These and similar sites will not be accepted as sources for any of our papers or essays Final Project Overview In this assignment, you will write a research paper on an epidemiological topic of your choice. The topic should not be the same as that used for your other written assignments. Each week, you will work on a portion of your paper so that you complete the final paper by the time it is due in Week 5. Note: The criteria for grading will be your ability to demonstrate:

• Critical thinking
• Precision in stating the topic
• Originality
• Breadth and depth of the subject
• Knowledge of grammar
• Knowledge of punctuation

The criteria for grading will be weighted as follows: 80% content and 20% mechanics. Let’s take a look at what you will do in each week:

• In Week 1, you will select a topic for your final project.
• In Week 2, you will provide a brief introduction and historical background of the topic.
• In Week 3, you will discuss the basic epidemiological concepts, methods, and applications of the study.
• In Week 4, you will discuss the major themes and questions surrounding the selected topic.
• In Week 5, you will provide your recommendations and conclusion and submit the final presentation.

ANSWER. PAPER DETAILS
Academic Level	Masters
Subject Area	Nursing
Paper Type	Research Paper
Number of Pages	3 Page(s)/825 words
Sources	0
	APA
Spacing	Double Spaced

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