Module 4: Ethics in Assessments

What’s Happening in This Module?

Module 4: Ethics in Assessments is a 1-week module, Week 11 of the course and the last module in which you examine evidence-based practice guidelines and ethical considerations factor into health assessments.

Go to the Module’s Content

Week 11

 Week 11: The Ethics Behind Assessment

Consider the following scenarios:

• You are a nurse at a large county hospital. One of your patients is leaning toward selecting a certain radical treatment for cancer, to which the family is in opposition. The family is concerned about making the correct decision and asks for your advice.
• The state of Oregon has passed a “Death with Dignity” act that allows for euthanasia in certain situations. One of your patients suffering from terminal cancer is thinking of moving there to take advantage of this law and asks your opinion.

Throughout this course, you have explored a wide range of health assessments and abnormal examination findings. Although you have predominantly focused on the procedural aspects of health assessment, this week, you will focus on ethical considerations that should be taken into account when advising patients or their families.

This week, you will consider how evidence-based practice guidelines and ethical considerations factor into health assessments. You will also evaluate health assessment concepts related to sports physicals and well-child and well-woman examinations.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

• Apply evidence-based practice guidelines to make an informed healthcare decision
• Apply ethical considerations to a health assessment response
• Apply concepts, theories, and principles relating to sports physicals and well-child and well-woman examinations
• Identify  concepts, theories, and principles related to advanced health assessment

Learning Resources

Required Readings

Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. (2019). Seidel’s guide to physical examination: An interprofessional approach (9th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.

·         Chapter 24, “Sports Participation Evaluation”

In this chapter, the authors describe the process of a sports participation evaluation. The chapter also states the most common conditions encountered in a sports participation evaluation.

·         Chapter 25, “Putting It All Together”

In this chapter, the authors tie together the concepts introduced in previous chapters. In particular, the chapter has a strong emphasis on the patient-caregiver relationship.

Tingle, J. & Cribb, A. (2014). Nursing law and ethics (4th ed.). Chichester, UK: Wiley Blackwell.

Furman , C. D., Earnshaw, L. A., Farrer, L. A. (2014). A case of inappropriate apolipoprotein E testing in Alzheimer’s disease due to lack of an informed consent discussion. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease & Other Dementias, 29(7), 590–595. doi:10.1177/1533317514525829.

Navarro-Illana, P., Aznar, J., & Díez-Domingo, J. (2014). Ethical considerations of universal vaccination against human papilloma virus. BMC Medical Ethics, 15(29). doi:10.1186/1472-6939-15-29. Retrieved from http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6939/15/29

Maron , B. J., Friedman, R. A., & Caplan, A. (2015). Ethics of preparticipation cardiovascular screening for athletes. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 12(6), 375–378. doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2015.21

May, K. H., Marshall, D. L., Burns, T. G., Popoli, D. M. & Polikandriotis, J. A. (2014). Pediatric sports specific return to play guidelines following concussion. The International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 9(2), 242–255. PMCID: PMC4004129. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4004129/

American Academy of Pediatrics. (2008). Recommendations for preventative pediatric health care (periodicity schedule). Retrieved from https://www.harmonyhpi.com/WCAssets/illinois/assets/IL_MedicaidProviderManual_PEM_AdultPHGsForProviders.pdf

This resource provides recommendations for preventative pediatric healthcare from infancy through adolescence. The periodicity schedule covers a variety of areas, from health history to measurements, developmental/behavioral screenings, physical exams, procedural screenings, and oral health.

Rourke, L., Leduc, D., & Rourke, J. (2017). Rourke Baby Record. Retrieved from http://rourkebabyrecord.ca/

This website provides information on the Rourke Baby Record (RBR). The RBR supplies guidelines on growth and nutrition, developmental surveillance, physical exam parameters, and immunizations for well-baby and child care.

Document: Final Exam Review (Word document)

Required Media

Module 4 Introduction

Dr. Tara Harris reviews the overall expectations for Module 4. Consider how you will manage your time as you review your media and Learning Resources for your Case Study Lab Assignment and your Final exam (3m).

Sports Participation Evaluation – Week 11 (12m)

Assignment 1: Lab Assignment: Ethical Concerns

As an advanced practice nurse, you will run into situations where a patient’s wishes about his or her health conflict with evidence, your own experience, or a family’s wishes. This may create an ethical dilemma. What do you do when these situations occur?

In this Lab Assignment, you will explore evidence-based practice guidelines and ethical considerations for specific scenarios.

To Prepare

Review the scenarios provided by your instructor for this week’s Assignment. Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your scenarios.

• Based on the scenarios provided:
  • Select one scenario, and reflect on the material presented throughout this course.
  • What necessary information would need to be obtained about the patient through health assessments and diagnostic tests?
  • Consider how you would respond as an advanced practice nurse. Review evidence-based practice guidelines and ethical considerations applicable to the scenarios you selected.

The Lab Assignment

Write a detailed one-page narrative (not a formal paper) explaining the health assessment information required for a diagnosis of your selected patient (include the scenario number). Explain how you would respond to the scenario as an advanced practice nurse using evidence-based practice guidelines and applying ethical considerations. Justify your response using at least three different references from current evidence-based literature.

By Day 6 of Week 11

Submit your Assignment.

Submission and Grading Information

To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following:

• Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK11Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name.
• Click the Week 11 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment.
• Click the Week 11 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area.
• Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK11Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open.
• If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database.
• Click on the Submit button to complete your submission.

Grading Criteria

To access your rubric:

Week 11 Assignment Rubric

Check Your Assignment Draft for Authenticity

To check your Assignment draft for authenticity:

Submit your Week 11 Assignment draft and review the originality report.

Submit Your Assignment by Day 6 of Week 11

To participate in this Assignment:

Week 11 Assignment

Week 11 Assignment Sample Paper

NURS 6512 Week 11 Assignment: Lab Assignment: Ethical Concerns

Lab Assignment: Ethical Concerns

Student’s Name:

Institutional Affiliation:

Health Assessment Information

For the 49 -year -old patient with advanced cancer admitted with a cardiac arrest; an adequate health assessment would be required to make an adequate diagnosis. A comprehensive health assessment would provide details related to the patient’s physical status through measurement of vital signs, observation, and the patient’s self-reported symptoms. The comprehensive health assessment of the 49- year- the old patient would entail a medical history of the patient, a general survey, and a complete physical examination (Ingram, 2017). The general survey would be the first stage in the patient examination. This would include recording the patient’s age, height, weight, posture, build, gait, and hygiene. The general survey of the patient would provide baseline data and help build rapport with patients to establish a trusting relationship with the patient and ease anxiety. The general survey would then be followed by comprehensive health assessments, which would utilize different techniques, including inspection, auscultation, palpation, and percussion. Inspection is one of the most employed methods of assessment. Through inspections, different indications of health problems would be identified on the 49-year-old patient. An inspection would include inspecting skin color and lesions, rashes, as well as abnormal odors and sounds (Zambas, Smythe, & Koziol-Mclain, 2016). Another technique that would be utilized in health assessment is auscultations. This would include listening to the abdomen’s sounds by placing the bell of a stethoscope or diaphragm on the bare skin of patients. Before a comprehensive health assessment is adopted, the patient’s health history would be taken. This would include the patient’s medical compliance, past health records, presents the state of health, family history, psychosocial status, and family history. The health history would provide in-depth information on the symptoms of the 49 years old patient. Medical experiences, childhood illnesses, and the risk of developing certain diseases (Ingram, 2017). The health history collection would then be followed by a detailed physical examination of the patients, which would include a review of the patient’s body systems. A head-to-toe examination of the patients would include assessment of the patient, neurological functions, skin, eyes, nose, and throat. The respiratory functions of the patients would also be reviewed, and their cardiac, pulmonary system. This would be the central determinant of a cardiac arrest diagnosis. The patient’s muscle joints, abdomen reproductive systems, shoulders, limbs, ankles, hips, and feet would also be examined, with the patient’s reproductive system and nutrition being considered. The patient’s respiratory function results and cardiac and pulmonary system results would help determine the diagnosis of a cardiac arrest (Zambas et al., 2016).

Response to the Scenario as an APRN

As an advanced practice nurse, there are several evidence based emergency practices that I would need to perform to help the 49-year-old with a cardiac arrest. This would include rapid resuscitation to guarantee the survival of the patient as an advanced practice nurse the use of an automated external defibrillator (AED) would therefore be necessary to help detect life-threatening arrhythmias in the patient’s chest and deliver a shock to restore a normal heart rhythm if such incidents were detected (Zègre-Hemsey,  2020). High-quality cardiopulmonary resuscitations (CPR) would also be adopted to help save the life of the 49-year-old patient. The use of AED on the patient would be followed by CPR as a way of treating cardiac arrest on the patients. The ethical considerations that would be utilized to make the decisions to administer AED and CPR to the 49-year-old patient suspected to have a cardiac arrest would be beneficence and non-maleficence. The adopted procedures would avoid the harm of death occurring on the patients while they would actively be positive actions meant to benefit the patients and save their life.

References

Ingram, S. (2017). Taking a comprehensive health  Assessment: learning through practice and

reflection. British Journal of Nursing, 26(18), 1033–1037. doi:10.12968/bjon.2017.26.18.1033.

Zambas, S. I., Smythe, E. A., & Koziol-Mclain, J. (2016). The consequences of using advanced

physical assessment skills in medical and surgical nursing: A hermeneutic pragmatic study. International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being, 11, 32090. https://doi.org/10.3402/qhw.v11.32090.

Zègre-Hemsey, J.K., (2020).Optimizing Patient Outcomes in Emergency Cardiac Care through

Advances in Technology: Nurse Scientists in Action. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2020.01.007. Vol.46, Iss 2, P136-138.

Assignment 2: Lab Assignment: Practice Assessment: Mental Health Examination

The Lab Assignment

Complete the following in Shadow Health:

• Mental Health (Practice)

Exam: Week 11 Final Exam

This exam is a test of your knowledge in preparation for your certification exam. No outside resources, including books, notes, websites, or any other type of resource, are to be used to complete this exam. You are expected to comply with Walden University’s Code of Conduct.

This exam will be on topics covered in weeks 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11. Prior to starting the exam, you should review all of your materials. This exam is timed with a limit of 2 hours for completion. When time is up, your exam will automatically submit.

By Day 7 of Week 11

Complete the Final Exam.

Submission and Grading Information

Submit Your Final Exam by Day 7 of Week 11.

To Complete this Exam:

Week 11 Exam

What’s Coming Up?

Congratulations! After you have finished all of the assignments for this week, you have completed the course. Please submit your Course Evaluation by Day 7.

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