Application of Leininger’s Culture Care Theory in Family Medical

Introduction Madeleine Leininger developed a major element of caring in the nursing profession. The transcultural nursing theory was developed when there was a lack of care and cultural knowledge. Madeleine was able to identify the gap and on cultural variations that support wellness, healing, and compliance. The major role of Leininger's cultural care is to integrate the nursing care with cognitive-based support, enabling decisions or acts, facility, and assistant who is tailored to fit lifeways, beliefs, cultural values, groups, and individuals. The main objective was to improve healthcare outcomes on cultural backgrounds (Del Grosso, 2019). The nurse-patient relationship was an approach to understanding the lifestyle of people and came up with the creative design of individual well-being. The care skills and knowledge are modeled according to the interests of the patients. As such, healthcare professionals have the responsibility of identifying, planning, implementing, and evaluating care modalities according to the care needs of a patient. The nursing care actions involve making new decisions that satisfy wholistic care to institutions, groups, or individuals. The substantial areas of transcultural care involve practice, beliefs, and core values to an individual. Therefore, universal nursing care involves the promotion of individual wellbeing through meaningful cultural ways. A brief overview of theorist background Madeleine Leininger is known internationally as a public speaker, consultant, researcher, administrator, theorist, author, educator, and developer of transcultural nursing theory. The Royal College of Nursing has recognized her as a certified transcultural nurse. She was born in 1925 on July 13, in Nebraska. Early education involves Sutton High School and later recruited U.S Army Nursing Corps. She later earned an undergraduate degree in Creighton University and Mount St. Scholastica College (Tavares et al., 2016). Between 1951-1954, Leininger managed to earn BSN through her curriculum, teaching, nursing administration, and biological science. In the 1950s, Leininger was able to realize the care and cultural knowledge in the nursing practice. By 1960, she introduced the concept of culturally congruent care in the nursing practice. Also, the University of Washington was recognized as the best public institution school under her leadership in 1973. The transcultural theory was recognized worldwide since many nurses were able to open their eyes to see the need for a cultural background in their practices. Between 1966 to 1995, Leininger was recognized as an academic administrator and educator in the field of transcultural nursing. A literature review to analyzes Leininger's theory The work of developing universality and cultural care diversity started when Leininger was in her study with people from the Eastern Highlands of New Guinea. The evolution of the transcultural theory was initiated through concepts, practices, and theories that have propositions, definitions, and assumptions. The earlier concepts generated some knowledge on ethnonursing care constructs that involves the Sunrise Model. Social constructs were used to express the nursing interventions based on community values and standards. The major caring constructs in the initial transcultural nursing theory involved comfort, support, compassion, empathy, helping behaviors, coping behaviors, stress alleviation measures, touching, protective and restorative behaviors, and health maintenance (McFarland & Wehbe-Alamah, 2019). By 1988, Leininger was committed to discovering nursing knowledge on epistemology sources through the qualitative approach of nursing care. The qualitative approach was used to express care holistically based on diverse cultural viewpoints. The historical evolution of the theory involves a wide range of revisions that involve biological factors and integrative care. In 2018, the transcultural nursing theory was integrated with mental and physical illness through professional and generic care. The major factors emerging from the studies involves the treatment of various illness, physical conditions, and syndromes. Equally important, the social structure system was recognized through the placement of Sunrise Enabler. Background of the Leininger culture care theory The reflection of the theory was developed to meet global, national, and local challenges in the nursing field. The ongoing evolution of the nursing practices was focusing on care and cultural aspects. The main purpose of this article was to enable nurses and health providers to have knowledge and skills that explain the interdependence of cultural phenomena. The theory of revised to have practices, expressions, patterns, and new meanings of cultural care to influence the well-being of cultural groups, families, and individuals in society (McFarland & Wehbe-Alamah, 2019). The culturally specific modalities were congruent to care goals and practices. The body of knowledge in the healthcare system has been changing the initial provisions of transcultural nursing theory with the discovery of diverse cultures. The social structure factors in the transcultural nursing theory were supported by biological factors, physical conditions, economics, cultural practices and beliefs, politics, family, technology, and religion. Conclusion The transcultural nursing theory is developed through sociocultural anthropologists based on the education and experience background of Leininger. The major constructs of the article involve orientation definitions of basic assumptions, tenets, goals, and purpose of serving and supporting the community. The evidence-based nursing practice was used to prepare nurses with cultural knowledge and skills in professional practice. Cultural diversity was the key aspect of improving initial writings to prepare competent nurses, effective leadership policies, and administration systems to inform the undeserving populations on cultural diversity. The current writing involves the translation of biological science with theoretical justifications and conceptual models. The overreaching conceptual model corresponds to the key social constructs. The implementation of transcultural program facilities involves education, especially to rural communities. The healthcare policies were developed according to the cultural frameworks of people to ensure nursing practices are congruent with the beliefs and values. The basic theoretical assertions or propositions There are different propositions that are associated with the transcultural nursing theory. First, the theory is regarded as a fundamental element of conducting analysis and comparative study on cultures based on values, beliefs, and health-illness practices (Del Grosso, 2019). Second, the ethnonursing involves cognitive practices and health care beliefs that require engagement with the value system and direct experience with the community’s culture. Third, human care activities and phenomena can be learned through activities of facilitating, supporting, and assisting the well-being of the underserved population. Fourth, the professional learning and acquiring of skills requires an individual, group, or institution effort in supporting human health conditions, lifeways, disability, and working with dying clients. The fifth propositions of the transcultural nursing theory involve cultural congruent care, which involves enabling acts that satisfy well-being services and the satisfying healthcare system. Equally important, Leininger provides that nursing practices are more than focusing on dyads and traditional nurse interaction but caring science, which involve institutions, total cultures, communities, groups, and families.     References Del Grosso, A. (2019). Application of Leininger’s Culture Care Theory in Family Medical History.https://red.library.usd.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1041&context=honors-thesis McFarland, M. R., & Wehbe-Alamah, H. B. (2019). Leininger’s Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality: An Overview With a Historical Retrospective and a View Toward the Future. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 30(6), 540-557. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1043659619867134 Tavares, J. M. A. B., Lisboa, M. T. L., de Assunção Ferreira, M., Valadares, G. V., & e Silva, F. V. C. (2016). Peritoneal dialysis: family care for chronic kidney disease patients in home-based treatment. Revista Brasileira de enfermagem, 69(6), 1107.https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/39dd/7fd739b445dca2057525b2d13f0f56de555a.pdf

ANSWER. PAPER DETAILS
Academic Level	Masters
Subject Area	Nursing
Paper TypeÂ	Coursework
Number of Pages	1 Page(s)/275 words
Sources	1
Format	APA 6
Spacing	Double Spacing

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